MNEMOSYNEv0.1.2563

Podcasts/Lex Fridman Podcast/Silverglate, Harvey

Silverglate, Harvey

civil liberties lawyer; co-founder of FIRE, the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression; co-author of The Shadow University and Three Felonies a Day

Harvey Silverglate: Freedom of Speech

Lex Fridman Podcast · May 16, 2023

▶ Watch on YouTube

Core ideas

Silverglate states his position as free-speech absolutism without qualification: he considers the First Amendment the most important American right, argues hate speech is more valuable than "love speech" because knowing who dislikes you is more useful information than knowing who likes you, and insists speech should be brought "to the surface rather than operate in shadows." He grounds this in a theory of collective epistemics — that free debate, even when it includes hateful or false ideas, produces better decisions than any alternative because all views get placed on the table and clash, and that the same logic that justifies academic freedom in science (testing ideas empirically rather than banning bad hypotheses in advance) applies to history, journalism, and politics. He accepts real, narrow legal limits on speech — defamation, direct threats, fraud, and falsely shouting fire in a crowded theater — while stating he personally disagrees even with the defamation exception, aligning himself with the late journalist Nat Hentoff's absolutist "free speech for me but not for thee" position. Asked whether hate speech empowers real-world violence, he argues that in America "we don't punch each other, we insult each other," and that the cost of occasional emotional pain is the price of living in a free society, urging listeners to "develop a tough hide."

He extends this absolutism specifically to universities, which he considers the most consequential arena for free speech because that is where citizens are formed; censorship there, he argues, replaces education (defined as the clash of ideas) with indoctrination. He traces the current climate to what he calls "administrative bloat" — a claim, drawn from his 1998 book The Shadow University (co-authored with Alan Charles Kors), that university administrators, who in his account understand neither the Constitution nor academic freedom, have built speech codes and disciplinary "kangaroo courts" whose primary function is avoiding controversy rather than serving education. This is the explicit platform behind his (at-the-time-of-recording) run for a seat on the Harvard Board of Overseers: he proposes firing roughly 95% of Harvard's administrators, arguing this would improve academic freedom, restore the university's educational mission, and cut tuition by around 40%. He is openly critical of then-incoming Harvard president Claudine Gay, characterizing her as "a bureaucrat" and "a progressive, not a liberal," and describes what he calls Harvard's "candidate suppression" of his prior run — the Alumni Association's refusal to circulate his platform to voters the way it did for officially nominated candidates.

On diversity and affirmative action, Silverglate states he opposes affirmative action on the grounds that it categorizes people by race and religion rather than treating them as individuals, and predicts (correctly, as later confirmed by Students for Fair Admissions v. Harvard) that the Supreme Court would strike it down as a violation of equal protection — noting that Sandra Day O'Connor's own opinion upholding it anticipated a 25-year sunset. In his account, the underlying problem affirmative action tries to paper over is a failing K-12 public education system, which he attributes substantially to teachers' unions (distinguishing his support for private-sector unions, where management bargains with its own money, from his opposition to public-sector unions, where only one side — the union — has skin in the game against taxpayer funds); he illustrates this with a personal anecdote about being barred, alongside other parents, from attending Cambridge school-committee bargaining sessions. He criticizes DEI programs on similar grounds and recounts visiting a Midwestern university where freshman orientation lined students up by skin tone to discuss how race had helped or hurt them — an exercise he found demeaning regardless of the category (race, religion, sexual orientation) being sorted by.

He addresses several controversies directly: the case of Dorian Abbott's canceled MIT lecture (which he frames as one instance of a broader pattern of professors punished for not "cutting their garments to fit the fashions of the day"); Jeffrey Epstein's ties to MIT and Harvard (where he draws a distinction between opposing "morals tests" on which donors' money a university may accept — arguing that donor-vetting is a "Pandora's box," since plenty of legitimate-seeming donors made money in ethically troubling ways too — while personally opposing granting naming rights to someone like Epstein, an inconsistency he acknowledges as a departure from strict absolutism); and his decades-long friendship with Alan Dershowitz, whose defense of controversial clients (Klaus von Bülow, O.J. Simpson, and later Donald Trump) he defends as the proper role of a criminal defense lawyer, criticizing the "hypocrisy" of Dershowitz being shunned specifically for representing Trump. On institutional accountability, he argues the FBI is unreformable due to a culture set by J. Edgar Hoover, advises never speaking to FBI agents without an independent recording (describing agents' practice of writing up interviews as the potentially inaccurate "form 302"), and — citing his book Three Felonies a Day — argues that the near-limitless reach of federal criminal jurisdiction (triggered whenever a "crime" merely touches interstate communication, such as a phone call) means almost anyone can be indicted if prosecutors want to. He closes on personal reflections: his father's early death from smoking, his own decision in his 20s to abandon a pre-arranged path into medicine and an arranged marriage after a transformative summer in Paris, and his continued conviction that defending unpopular and even "evil" people is a lawyer's core professional obligation, comparable to a cardiologist's duty to perform CPR.

Excerpts

On why he considers hate speech more valuable than "love speech":

“I'm an absolutist... people say to me, but what about hate speech? Well, hate speech is much more important than love speech, and the reason is I'm much more interested in knowing whom I should not turn my back on than I am interested in figuring out who loves me or who likes me. So hate speech is the most important in my view... it should be brought to the surface rather than operate in shadows.”

On his diagnosis of what's wrong with university administration:

“Administrators do not really subsume academic values, they know nothing about the Constitution, they know nothing about free speech, they know nothing about academic freedom. They feel that their job is to keep quiet... and so they develop speech codes, kangaroo courts to enforce the speech codes, and these are very dire developments... I would fire 95 percent of the administrators — it would have a salutary effect on the academics of the university, [and] on free speech and academic freedom.”

On why he defends university acceptance of controversial donor money while opposing naming rights:

“I don't think that it is rationally complicated, um, it's emotionally complicated... The university has the right to say, no, we'll take your money but we will not name the building [after you]... I don't think giving morals tests to donors — [that's] a Pandora's box... but for me emotionally there's nothing that sickens me more in the university than the abuse of power.”